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This page is a raw set of tables for readers who prefer not to read the Antiguan and Barbudan Creole Dictionary in PDF format. This is a supplemental publication– a full dictionary is in progress. Read Part II. The PDF version will provide a better reading experience. Read it here. Part I This supplemental Antiguan and Barbudan–English dictionary is published as an educational resource for the Antiguan and Barbudan-speaking population due to the lack of an accessible and free guide to the Antiguan and Barbudan language. This guide uses Axarplex orthography-based standardised spelling with minimal exceptions. Abbreviations
 The following abbreviations are used in this dictionary: 
Nad - North Antiguan 
Sad - South Antiguan Bar - Barbudan Orthography The Antiguan and Barbudan Language Academy at Axarplex has developed a standard orthography, or alphabet, for the Antiguan and Barbudan language. This orthography allows for consistent spelling, reducing conflicts on what is and what is not a correct way to spell a word. Vowels IPA Letter /iː/ ee (ë) /i/ i /ɪ/ i /Ɛ/ e /ə/ a /uː/ uu (ü) /ʊ/ u /ɔ/ o (aw) /ɔː/ oo (aw) /ä/ a /äː/ aa (ä) /o/ o /ɒ/ o Diphthongs IPA Letter /ia/ ie /ie/ ie /eɪ/ ie /ua/ ow /aɪ/ ai /oʊ/ ou Semi-vowels IPA Letter /w/ w /j/ y Consonants IPA Letter /p/ p /b/ b /t/ t /k/ k /g/ g /t∫/ ch /dʒ/ j /f/ f /v/ v /s/ s /z/ z /∫/ sh /ʒ/ zh /m/ m /n/ n /ŋ/ ng /l/ l /r/ r /ks/ x /h/ h /d/ d /kʃ/ xh /c/ ky (c) /ɟ/ gy To simplify spelling, it is recommended that in cases where “ng” is followed by “g”, instead of using the spelling “ngg”, the sound /ŋg/ is written as “ng”. While most Creole language orthographies use “ks” to represent the sound /ks/, it is recommended in all circumstances that “x” be used to represent the sound instead. The absence of the letters “c” and “q” should be noted– except for “ch” being used to represent /t∫/ and the possibility of “c” representing /c/, the characters “c” and “q” should not be used in any circumstances.
 All vowels in the Antiguan and Barbudan language except schwa can be nasalized. Nasalized vowels are represented by the vowel plus . /ä̃/ for example becomes /an’/. Aanteegan an’ Baabyuudan English Notes a present tense marker a I Bar a it a of a it’s, it is a-go volition marker aacha archer aachanaat astronaut aachanama astronomer aada order aadvantij teka advantage taker aaf off aafisa officer aafruo afro Aagas August Aagas August aak act aal all aamchia armchair aamhol underarm, armpit aamstik underarm, armpit aan on see pan aanchouba eggplant aanda deodorant aansa answer Aanteega Antigua aanteeman gay male aapl banana little banana aarait alright aas ask aashum grind corn with sugar aasuu box hand scheme aat art aat hot aata after aatanuun afternoon aatis artist aatleet athlete aawi we, us aaxhin auction aaxhinia auctioneer aayu you all abie sticking out the tongue abuu chalkboard stick achar a type of condiment agud good for you agyuu argue ais ice aiwie highway aiyan iron akaardin according Aktouba October alektrishan electrician am it Bar an hand an’ and anaal also, as well, too andem plural marker andie plural marker Bar aprieshan operation aprieta operator aprietin operating arda order arnda deodorant arz as soon as au how Nad, Bar aus house avispa wasp ax ask ayuudeez you all baaba barber Baabyuuda Barbuda baada bother baada worry baadarieshan to be bothersome baakal bottle baal bawl, cry baal shout baan born baang to bang baang to beat up baang-waata-kom-ya immigrate illegally baangal bracelet baangdaag to beat up baangup beat up baasabaasa to fool around baasman title used among males to address friends baat bath baatmaat bathmat baatsuut bathing suit baax a box, box hand scheme baaxdung to hit with an open palm baaxdung to slap babash A type of rum babilon Babylon babilon corrupt regime babilon United States bad bad badfeelin nausea badgiet bad habit badjaan bully, gangster badmaindid spiteful, envious badtaak defame badwud swear bafani disability bagsaruukuu dark skinned person bagtwain string from a bag bainup to be constipated bak back bakaan to hit someone with the back of one’s hand bakam bottom bakamfut sole of a foot bakanaal carnival bakanaal drama bakanaal scandal bakanaal conflict bakbak to go backwards bakchaat talk back bakra slave owner baksaid excitement, disbelief bakstaaba backstabber bakuu spirit of a dead person bam bum (buttocks) bambam bumbum (buttocks) bambuula cassava bankin elevated row of soil bargee an sam everybody, everyone bart large metal tub baskit basket batabata a heavy load that holds someone back batendung a tree with plenty of fruit batendung close all windows and doors in a home bati buttocks batibwoi gay male batihol anus bedin bedding bedpred bedspread befuo taim a long time ago beka better belee swel bakl a bottle containing a liquid believed to deter theives beleekutin stomach ache bena benna music berfes to be proud of one’s bad actions bes best bex to be angry or upset bidauten without bie bay, beach biebee baby biebee wacha babysitter bied bathe biek to bake biek a type of bread bieka baker bienk bank bienka banker bies vase biesaid beachside, coastline, bayside bigstuon swollen testicle bigup to shoutout bihain behind bihain buttocks bil a handheld tool bilda builder birdspeed to move fast birtperpa birth certificate bitabush a type of vine blaakail black and sticky substance blabamaut blabbermouth blakled pencil blienk to ignore blienkit blanket bliez to hit hard bluda balloon boba clothing bobolee idiot braata a little bit more brosh brush bruk broke bruum broom buk book bukhaus library bukhausman librarian (male) bukhausuuman librarian (female) bukra slave owner bul sex bula gay male bulf bulb bum to beg, to wait around a home in expectation of food bumpa buttocks, bumper bun burn buod bird, penis buon bun buonee bony, skinny bus to burst bwai boy bwail boil chaat to chat chakta tractor chap to cut chat talk chee tree chek check chia chair chibyuut tribute chied trade chieda trader chiga trigger chim trim chimbl to tremble, to shiver choli trolley cholong to leave chook to poke chou to throw chouba eggplant chout throat chubfish parrotfish churd-naiga third-person chus to trust, to use a credit card chuu real, true chuu through chuun tune chuupit stupid chuuris tourist chuut truth chuuttinkin philosophy daab to dab, to spread daakta doctor daar expensive dairekta director damek that’s why damek that’s why dat that dem them, they dem plural marker demdie those demya these den then dex desk die them, they Bar die there, there is, there’s diktieta dictator dilee sapodilla dina dinner dis this disya this dokosie short person dotish stupid doz used to, usually dumaar dark skinned person dun indicates completion of an action dung down dungkiedam indifferent duo door duomaat doormat duoman doorman duomaut doorway dutee dirty duukuuna ducana eba ever ebee heavy ee he, him, she, her, it Nad, Bar eebnin evening een in eena in ej edge elp help elplis helpless elt health eng hang expolikietid excused, forgiven faada father faak fork faala to follow famblee family farid forehead faris forest fas fast feda feather fejaal federal fejieshan federation fes face fet fete flim film flipflaap flip flop fluxee unripe fruit forin foreign fraat gibberish frak dress fram from fried afraid frij refrigerator friken frighten fruuzee bad body odour fu to, whose, for fu’am its Bar fu’om its Bar, Sad fu'um its fu’unu for you all Bar, used to address children fuaawi our, ours fuaayu for you all fuhi his fumi my funjee fungee fuoman foreman fus first fus-naiga first-person fushi hers fuujuu cool, ripe fuyu yours gaad guard gaadn garden gaadna gardener gaan to leave gaan agwasa lost, confiscated Gad God gee to give go to graba guava grada bulldozer grangou strong, fighting person gras grass gree agree grong ground gruo to grow gruonut peanut gruosha grocer gruoshree grocery gruoshree tuo grocery store gut stomach guta gutter gwaan going on gyal girl ha present tense marker Sad ha it Sad haada order Sad Haagas August Sad haal all Sad haas ask Sad habie sticking out the tongue Sad habuu chalkboard stick Sad han hand Sad hanaal also, as well, too Sad harda order Sad harz as soon as Sad hau how Sad haus house Sad hax ask Sad helt health Sad heng hang Sad hi he, him, it Sad hil hill Sad holheep many holheep-a-ting plural, many hongl only Sad honglis only Sad hongs ounce Sad hu who hud hood huol old, hole Sad huufa whose Sad huumach how much Sad iaplog earplug iemen amen ienga hanger iepuot airport ier air, hair, year, to hear ierbrosh hairbrush ierjaia hairdryer ierklip hairclip if if il hill inbenta inventor inbesta investor injaneer engineer injaneerin engineering instraal intestine jaakee jockey jaap drop jaf draft jaia dryer jaib to drive jaiba driver jaikleena drycleaner jain-up group, cursive jak I mean it, will you jam to jam, to poke jed dread jedlaak dreadlock jednut coconut jes dress jibl to dribble, drool jiel jail, prison jiela jailer jinaraal general joj judge jom drum joma drummer jongk drunk jongkaad drunkard jumbee ghost juuie fiddler crab kaak cork kaakl cockle kaan corn kaana corner kaat cart kaatin curtain kag copy, cheat kakanafuun to tumble kakaruoch roach kakaweel a used thread spool kambou scar on the limbs kanfejieshan confederation kapa one cent karal coral kasaada cassava kasi cactus kasi cactus kata catta kauch couch kazmou cosmos kech to catch kee quay keep keep keepup maintenance, celebration kenip guinep kie care, cay kiek cake kies case kil kill kila killer kimbou kimbo kin skin king king klaak clock klaat cloth klafee idiot klamee sticky klapa mouth kleen clean kleena cleaner klouz close kokobie leprosy kol cold kola color, cola kom come kom-fram to come from konchi country kongkongsa to take sides, to be biased kongou eel, Congo kongsl council korukl stuff, apparatus, mess, system kraab crab kraap scratch krai cry kraiwaata tears kranana zero, nothing kranee skinny krufee dry skin kuda could’ve kudum cousin kuf to hit on the head kumkumsa one who falsely deems themself knowledgable kunumunu fool, a man who is subservient to a woman kuol cold kuom comb kus curse kus cuss, curse kuu to look kuushuu cashew kuushuuma cashew apple kwaat twenty-five cents kwarel quarrel kween queen kwie care, cay kwilt quilt kyaan can kyaan can’t kyaant can’t kyakl cattle kyapm captain kyarn can’t kyash cash laaba to talk, to gossip laak lock laak aaf turn off laak on turn on laam alarm laamklaak alarm clock laamp lamp laan land laan learn laba talk, gossip laf laugh laif life laifgaad lifeguard laka alike lakawa very langwij language las last lebin leftovers lef leave lib to live liba liver lichree literary lie leave liecheen latrine likl little lisn to listen loko train, locomotive lokotaap train stop long long lub love luukwaam lukewarm luut to beg ma marrow maakit market maanin morning maas moss maasee moss that accumulates at the bottom of ponds maaskeeta mosquito maat mat maatal mortal man man mas mas mash to mash, to destroy mata matter, pus maut mouth max mask meegou Arab meegou-uuman Arab female meegouman Arab male meekain meat meera mirror mek make mek aawi let’s, let us, make us melee gossip, rumour mesinja messenger mi me, I mi past tense marker Bar migl middle min past tense marker Mingo Santo Domingo misa mister monee money mongkee monkey mumuu idiot mung everybody, everyone munku large bump musa must be, must’ve musee must be myuuzik music na don’t na not na ‘taal not at all na min did not, was not naal not nais nice naitstaan nightstand naiz noise nak hit, strike nakstrok work nas nurse neba never neegl dragonfly, needle neenyam food nieba neighbour niebahud neighbourhood niebl navel niega people non nun nort zero nuh indicates a statement of fact at the end of a sentence nuos nose nuosuol nostril nut nut nyaasi nasty nyam to eat nyuuz news nyuuzman journalist (male) nyuuzuuman journalist (female) oba over obeea obeah oda other okro okra om it Bar, Sad ongl only onglis only ongs ounce onta hunter oulaad oh lord ozbaan husband paa path paach to roast paanee used paint can, large water container paasa pasture paasan pastor padlaak padlock pafyuum perfume pai spy, investigator pain pine, pineapple palitishan politician pampalam vagina pan on (upon) pangkiek pancake pankuut idiot pap porridge parasuol umbrella pataalajis pathologist peesa piece of pepa pepper perpa paper pes pest pes kila exterminator pia avocado pien pain pigee piggy, vagina pigl to urinate pik pick pikcha picture pikiniega children pikni child pilaa pillow pilaakies pillowcase pit spit plat to braid plenti plenty plonja plunger pompa oversize powa power prafesa professor praim minista prime minister prangrana pomegranate prie pray priea prayer prizm prism puot port pusee cat puup to fart pwail to spoil Raabak Antiguan and Barbudan language raas ass, to beat rada rather Radawnda Redonda rag-up destroy raispap type of porridge rak rack rampl wrinkle rang wrong rata rat rax spit rech reach, arrive redmem very light-skinned reef reef reschaant restaurant riba river ribaej dyke ridim rhythm riejaalajis radiologist rienj range rienja ranger rij ridge rog rug rong round rongxhan disturbance ruop rope ruul rule saabis sensible, handy, precocious saach search saan sand saang song saanrij shoal saf soft saians science santapee centipede sapee wet overcooked food sebm seven sef self sekan-naiga second-person shai to trick someone into flinching shaligou blue crab shap shop shasha cornbread shi she, her shuga diabetes, sugar shuu shoe shuubaax shoebox shuubrosh shoe brush slabee obese person slak indecent behavior sleep sleep sleepmax sleep mask slieb slave slipa slipper sluo slow sluuee slippery smadee somebody snuo snow solja soldier sou so spaar friend spek glasses spich to dive subm something, thing subn something, thing sudn something, thing swaatee obese sweet sweet sweetee candy, sweetie swel swell taakelpa interpreter taam time taap stop taat tart taikl title tailit toilet tailitbrosh toilet brush taim time taip type taipis typist tait tight taitong speech disorder tambrin tamarind tamp-up to stomp on tan stand tangou beef from an old cow tangx thanks tantee aunt tap top tari story tark talk tata stutter taual towel teecha teacher teef to steal teelee penis teema steamer teet teeth tek to take tekeen to catch (an illness), to faint tekumwie independent, wild tenait tonight tensel chamber pot terichree territory tiekawie subtract tiela tailor ties to taste tif stiff tilet toilet ting thing tingk think, stink titimus tetanus tomara tomorrow tomuk stomach tong town, tongue toris tourist tralala confusion, scandal, argument trang strong triet straight tukl turtle tump to punch tun turn tunkuu steam roller tuo store tuut everybody, everyone tyaad tired tyuuta tutor um it unu you all Bar, used to address children uol old, hole up up uufa whose uumach how much uuman woman vais voice valees valise vim cleaning powder vuom to pass quickly wa what waadn warden waajuob wardrobe waak walk waam warm waasklaat washcloth waata water wach to watch Wadadlee Wadadli wai why wajee used clothing wamek why wan one, indefinite article wan-ting singular wantalee intentionally wari warri warihee buttocks wash wash weda weather weld weld welda welder wen when wentaim when wi will wich which wichpaat where wie where wieb wave wil will wil will (legal term) wilk whelk win Wind winda window wod to curse, word wotlis worthless wud word wud wood wuda would’ve wudbuk dictionary wusara worse, intensifier ya here yaaba cooking vessel yai eye yaidaakta eye doctor yampee rheum yap talk yap to yap yieyie eye yieyiedaakta eye doctor yu you, your yuuman human yuut youth zaboka zaboca zamee lesbian zanana pineapple zingk zinc zuutuupeg uncultured zwaag promiscuous woman Sources Lawrence, Joy. The Way We Talk and Other Antiguan & Barbudan Folkways. 2002. Sugarmill Tales, 2016. Joseph, Jerene. Antigua and Barbuda Dictionary. 2019.

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The Antiguan and Barbudan Language Academy at the Axarplex Institute offers a supplemental dictionary of Antiguan and Barbudan Creole with two parts: one in spoken Antiguan and Barbudan Creole and one in literary Antiguan and Barbudan Creole. These dictionaries utilise the Antiguan and Barbudan orthography (standardised spelling system). This dictionary is a work in progress. This is a supplemental publication– a full dictionary is in progress. Expanded editions are to be released in the future. This dictionary may be used freely for general and educational purposes. The Axarplex Institute last reviewed this material on 5 December 2025. Learn more about our standards. Part I: introduction and spoken Antiguan and Barbudan Creole (non-PDF version) Part II: literary standard (non-PDF version) More - List of Antiguan and Barbudan localities in Creole

This page is a raw set of tables for readers who prefer not to read the Antiguan and Barbudan Creole Dictionary in PDF format. This is a supplemental publication– a full dictionary is in progress. Read Part I. The PDF version will provide a better reading experience. Read it here. Part II This document serves as a guide to the standard register of the Antiguan and Barbudan language, known as Aawitaak. Aawitaak (literally “our talk”) uses features from the various basilectal dialects of the Antiguan and Barbudan language and combines them into a controlled form suitable for technical and official usage. Orthography Aawitaak uses the Antiguan and Barbudan Language Academy’s standard orthography as laid out in part I. Table I: 975 definitions Aanteegan an’ Baabyuudan English Notes a-go volition marker aad hard aadvantij teka advantage taker aadvob adverb aaf off aafruo afro aafruo afro aakm autumn, fall aakmee autumnal aalainish sequential aalbaat account (accounting) aalbaatin accounting aalgikyash revenue aamchia armchair aamee army aamhol underarm, armpit aamstik underarm, armpit aanchouba eggplant aanda deodorant aanda deodorant aansa answer Aanteega Antigua Aanteega an' Baabyuuda Antigua and Barbuda aanteeman gay male Aantibyuuda Antibuda (rare shortening of Antigua and Barbuda) Aantibyuudan Antibudan (rare shortening of Antiguan and Barbudan) aapi happy aapinis happiness aapl banana little banana aarait alright aas ask aashum grind corn with sugar aasuu box hand scheme aat art aata after aatanuun afternoon aatikl article aawi we, us Aawilaan Antigua and Barbuda synonym, “our-land” Aawiniega “our people” Aawinis the quality of being Antiguan and Barbudan aayu you all ab have abaata treaty, accord from Kalinago abayatara achar a type of condiment agud good for you agyuu argue ais ice aisbaax refrigerator aiwie highway aiyan iron akaardin according Aktouba October akuukuu season from Yoruba akoko akuukuuik seasonal akuukuulee seasonally aleban eleven alexhan election an hand an’ and andrid hundred atuulee ornament from Kalinago ataeouli au how aus house avispa wasp axent accent axes access axhan action axhanwud verb ayuudeez you all Baabyuuda Barbuda baada bother baada worry baada border baadarieshan to be bothersome baal bawl, cry baal shout baal bawl baalwud interjection baan born baang to bang baang to beat up baang-waata-kom-ya immigrate illegally baangal bracelet baangdaag to beat up baangup beat up baasabaasa to fool around baasman title used among males to address friends baat bath baat bath baatmaat bathmat baatmaat bathmat baatsuut bathing suit baax a box, box hand scheme baaxdung to hit with an open palm baaxdung to slap babash A type of rum babilon Babylon babilon corrupt regime babilon United States bad bad badarieshan annoying badfeelin nausea badgiet bad habit badjaan bully, gangster badmaindid spiteful, envious badtaak defame badwud swear bafani disability bagsaruukuu dark skinned person bagtwain string from a bag bain vine bainup to be constipated bak back bakaan to hit someone with the back of one’s hand bakam bottom bakamfut sole of a foot bakanaal carnival bakanaal drama bakanaal scandal bakanaal conflict bakbak to go backwards bakchaat talk back bakl bottle bakra slave owner, white person baksaid excitement, disbelief bakstaaba backstabber bakuu spirit of a dead person balatag shield from Kalinago ballatagle bambuula cassava bankin elevated row of soil bargee an sam everybody, everyone bart large metal tub baskit basket batabata a heavy load that holds someone back batendung a tree with plenty of fruit batendung close all windows and doors in a home bati buttocks batibwoi gay male batihol anus bedin bedding bedpred bedspread befuo taim a long time ago befuotingwud preposition beka better belee swel bakl a bottle containing a liquid believed to deter theives beleekutin stomach ache bena benna music berfes to be proud of one’s bad actions bes best bex to be angry or upset bidauten without bie bay, beach biebee baby bied bathe biek to bake biek a type of bread bieka baker bies vase biesaid beachside, coastline, bayside bighud adulthood bigman adult man bigniega adult bigstuon swollen testicle bigup to shoutout biguuman adult woman bihain behind bihain buttocks bil a handheld tool bilij village bilyan billion birdspeed to move fast birtperpa birth certificate bitabush a type of vine blaakail black and sticky substance blabamaut blabbermouth blakled pencil blienk to ignore blienkit blanket blienkit blanket bliez to hit hard blud blood bluda balloon boba clothing bobolee idiot bra brother, bro braata a little bit more broda brother brodahud brotherhood brosh brush brosh brush bruk broke bruum broom buk book bukra slave owner bul sex bula gay male bulf bulb bum to beg, to wait around a home in expectation of food bumpa buttocks, bumper bun burn buod bird, penis buon bun buon bone buonee bony, skinny buring grong cemetery, graveyard bus to burst bush bush, scrubland, savanna, forest bwai boy bwail boil chaat to chat chakta tractor chap to cut chat talk ched tread chee tree chee three Cherzdee Thursday chia chair chiga trigger chilyan trillion chim trim chimbl to tremble, to shiver choli trolley cholong to leave chook to poke chou to throw choub strobe chouba eggplant chout throat chubfish parrotfish chuch church churd-naiga third-person chus to trust, to use a credit card chuu real, true chuun tune chuupit stupid chuuris tourist chuut truth chuuttinkin philosophy Chuuzdee Tuesday chweni twenty daab to dab, to spread daar expensive Dadlee Dadli; shortening of Wadadli dala dollar damek that’s why damek that’s why dat that datermina determiner dedtong extinct language, ghost town dem them, they dem plural marker demdie those demya these den then die there, there is, there’s die day dilee sapodilla dina dinner dis this Disemba December disya this dokosie short person dotish stupid doz used to, usually dumaar dark skinned person dun indicates completion of an action dung down dungkiedam indifferent duo door duomaat doormat duoman doorman duomaut doorway dutee dirty duukuuna ducana eba ever ebee heavy edtaak summit (meeting) ee he eebnin evening een in eena in eewuu decree, edict from Igbo iwu ej edge elt health eng hang expolikietid excused, forgiven faada father faak fork faala to follow faib five farid forehead faris forest Febweri February feda feather fes face fet fete fia fair, just fiahaus court fianis fairness, justice fiftee fifty fifteen fifteen flim film flipflaap flip flop flipflaap flip flop fluo flow fluxee unripe fruit forin foreign fraat gibberish Fraidee Friday frak dress fried afraid frij refrigerator friken frighten fruuzee bad body odour fu to, whose, for fu’om its fuaawi our, ours Fuaawidie Antiguan and Barbudan diaspora fuaayu for you all fuhi his fumi my funjee fungee fuo four fuos force fuotee forty fuoteen fourteen fus first fus-naiga first-person fushi hers futingwud pronoun fuujuu cool, ripe fuwud possessive fuyu yours fweet fleet gaad guard gaadee godparent gaan to leave gaan agwasa lost, confiscated Gad God gee to give geevuot referendum gens against gibinz expense gikyash income go to gobamen government gobamenl governmental graba guava grada bulldozer grangou strong, fighting person grong ground grongwata groundwater gruo to grow gruonut peanut gubna governor gut stomach guta gutter gyal girl ha present tense marker ha it ha of haada order, writ Haagas August haal all haalain index, series, sequence haan an emission of light from Akan hann haanhaus lighthouse haaz as soon as habie sticking out the tongue habuu chalkboard stick hanaal also, as well, too hax ask holheep many holheep-a-ting plural, many hongl only honglis only hongs ounce hu who hud hood iaplog earplug Iebrl April iefluo airflow iefuos air force ienga hanger iepuot airport ier air, hair, to hear ierbrosh hairbrush ieree aerial, airy ierjaia hairdryer ierjaia hairdryer ierklip hairclip ierklip hairclip iet eight ietee eighty Ietee Haiti ieteen eighteen il hill inchuumin instrument instraal intestine intanet internet jaap drop jaf draft jai dry jaia dryer jaia dryer jaib to drive jaiba driver jain to join, group jain-up group, cursive, to unite jaina joiner jaitaim dry season jaitaimee of or relating to the dry season jak I mean it, will you jam to jam, to poke Janweri January jed dread jed dread jedlaak dreadlock jedlaak dreadlock jednut coconut jes dress jibl to dribble, drool jinaraal general jingkpaut water fountain jongk drunk jongkaad drunkard jongl jungle Julai July jumbee ghost juuie fiddler crab Juun June kaak cork kaakl cockle kaan corn kaana corner kaat cart kaatin curtain kag copy, cheat, copycat kaga copier kagkorukl template kai sky kakanafuun to tumble kakaruoch roach kakaweel a used thread spool kambou scar on the limbs kapa one cent kasaada cassava kasi cactus kasi cactus kata catta kauch couch kaunt count kech to catch kee quay keep keep keepup maintenance, celebration kenip guinep kie care, cay kiek cake kies case kimbou kimbo kin skin kiswinsi constituency klaak clock klaat cloth klafee idiot klamee sticky klapa mouth klouz close kodenguu specimen from Ewe kpɔ̀ɖɛŋu kokobie leprosy kol cold kola color, cola kolaled coloured pencil kolatik crayon kolcha culture konchi country konchilaa constitution kongkongsa to take sides, to be biased kongou eel, Congo kongsl council korukl stuff, apparatus, mess, system kraab crab kraap scratch krai cry kraiwaata tears kranana zero, nothing kranee skinny kreeol creole krufee dry skin kuda could’ve kudum cousin kuf to hit on the head kumkumsa one who falsely deems themself knowledgable kunumunu fool, a man who is subservient to a woman kuom kuom comb kurantman electrician (male) kurantniega electrician kurantuuman electrician (female) kus curse kuu to look kuua looker, observer kuura department from Kalinago courara kuushuu cashew kuushuuma cashew apple kwaat twenty-five cents kwarel quarrel kwie care, cay kwilt quilt kyaa car kyaalij college kyaalijish collegiate kyaan can kyaan can’t kyaanpen budget kyaant can’t kyaateefa carjacker kyabnit cabinet kyakl cattle kyanal canal kyapm captain kyarn can’t kyash cash laa law laaba to talk, to gossip laak lock laak aaf turn off laak on turn on laakdung lockdown laam alarm laam alarm laaman lawyer (male) laamklaak alarm clock laamklaak alarm clock laamp lamp laan land laan learn laaniega lawyer laauuman lawyer (female) laba talk, gossip laf laugh lai lie laiaad liar laka alike lakawa very langwij language las last lebin leftovers lef leave lego let go lemi let me lenkuu intelligence agency, secret police from Kalinago huelencou lib to live liba liver lie leave liecheen latrine likl little likllaa by-law, ordinance lisn to listen loko train, locomotive lokotaap train stop long long lub love luut to beg ma marrow Maach March maakit market maanin morning maas moss maasee moss that accumulates at the bottom of ponds maaskeeta mosquito maat mat maat mat maatal mortal mad mad, angry madnis madness man man mas mas mash to mash, to destroy mata matter, pus maut mouth max mask max mask meegou Arab meekain meat meera mirror mek make, let, allow meko meadow melee gossip, rumour mi me, I Mie May migl middle milichi military milyan million min past tense marker Mingo Santo Domingo misa mister Mondee Monday monee money moneeruul finance mongkee monkey mont month mumuu idiot mung everybody, everyone munku large bump musee must be muun moon na don’t na not na ‘taal not at all na min did not, was not naal not naiganiem demonym nain nine naindee ninety nainteen nineteen nais nice nait night naitstaan nightstand naitstaan nightstand naiz noise nak hit, strike nakaad pressure nakstrok work neba never neegl dragonfly, needle neenyam food nieba neighbour niebahud neighbourhood niebee navy niebl navel niega people niegajain people group, ethnic group niegakaunt census niegalaan country niegatiet republic nort zero nuh indicates a statement of fact at the end of a sentence numba number numbawud numeral nuos nose nuosuol nostril Nuovemba November nut nut nyaasi nasty nyam to eat nyuu new nyuuz news oba over obeea obeah oda other okro okra om it oulaad oh lord ozbaan husband paa path paach to roast paalimen parliament paanee used paint can, large water container paasa pasture paasan pastor paat part, division paatikl particle padlaak padlock pafyuum perfume pafyuum perfume pai spy pain pine, pineapple pampalam vagina pan on (upon) pangkiek pancake pankuua onlooker pankuut idiot pap porridge parasuol umbrella parish parish parishal parochial parishhud parishhood paut spout peek summit (top), peak peesa piece of pen spend pepa pepper pepa paper pia avocado piaran parent piaranhud parenthood pien pain pigee piggy, vagina pigl to urinate pijin pidgin, pigeon pik pick pik pick pikcha picture pikiniega children pikinish childish pikni child piknihaus school, playgroup piknihud childhood (state of being a child) piknisolja child soldier piknitaim childhood (time in which one is a child) pilaa pillow pilaakies pillowcase pit spit plat to braid plenti plenty plienman pilot (male) plienniega pilot plienteefa hijacker plienuuman pilot (female) plonja plunger plonja plunger pompa oversize prangrana pomegranate pring spring pringee springy (relating to the spring) puot port pusee cat puup to fart pwail to spoil Raabak Antiguan and Barbudan language raas ass rada rather Radawnda Redonda rag-up destroy raintaim rainy season raintaimee of or relating to the rainy season raispap type of porridge rait write raittiebl desk rak rack rampl wrinkle rang wrong rata rat rax spit rech reach, arrive redmem very light-skinned riba river ribaej dyke ridim rhythm rien rain rienee rainy rienfaris rainforest rij ridge rog rug rong round rongxhan disturbance ruop rope ruuka ministry from “ruul” and “kuura” ruukaman minister (male) ruukanaiga minister ruukauuman minister (female) ruul rule ruulhud authority ruulting statute ruultingish statutory saabis sensible, handy, precocious saach search saan sand saanrij shoal sabana savanna sad sad sadnis sadness saf soft saians science saidlis neutral santapee centipede sapee wet overcooked food Satdee Saturday sebm seven sebmdee seventy sebmteen seventeen see sea seegaad coast guard sef self sekan-naiga second-person Septemba September shai to trick someone into flinching shaligou blue crab shap shop shasha cornbread shi she, her shuga diabetes, sugar shuu shoe shuubaax shoebox shuubrosh shoe brush shuubrosh shoe brush sidung sit down siekid sacred sista sister sistahud sisterhood six six sixtee sixty sixteen sixteen slabee obese person slak indecent behavior sleep sleep sleep sleep sleepmax sleep mask sleepmax sleep mask slieb slave slipa slipper slipa slipper sluuee slippery smadee somebody snuo snow solja soldier soma summer somee summery (relating to the summer) Sondee Sunday sou so spaar friend spek glasses spich to dive sudn something swaatee obese sweet sweet sweetee candy, sweetie swel swell taa star taam time taap stop taaree starry, stellar taat tart taikl title tailit toilet tailit toilet tailitbrosh toilet brush tailitbrosh toilet brush taim time tait tight taitong speech disorder tambrin tamarind tamp-up to stomp on tan stand tan-up stand up tanaad standard tangou beef from an old cow tangx thanks tantee aunt tap top tari story tark talk tata stutter taual towel tauzan thousand teecha teacher teef to steal teefa stealer teefman male stealer teefuuman female stealer teelee penis teema steamer teet teeth tek to take tekeen to catch (an illness), to faint tekumwie independent, wild tem stem ten ten tenait tonight tensel chamber pot tiebl table tieblkata tablecloth tiekawie subtract ties to taste tiet state tietjain federation tif stiff tik stick tilet toilet ting thing tingk think, stink tingwud noun tirtee thirty tirteen thirteen titimus tetanus tomara tomorrow tomuk stomach tong town, tongue toris tourist tralala confusion, scandal, argument trang strong triet straight tukl turtle tump to punch tun turn tunkuu steam roller tuu two tuut everybody, everyone twelb twelve twiti friction from Akan twitwi tyaad tired ubukuu military officer from Kalinago ubutu uol old, hole uolee holy up up uufa whose uumach how much uuman woman vais voice valees valise vejee vegetable vim cleaning powder vuom to pass quickly vuot vote vuotpepa ballot wa what waajuob wardrobe waak walk waasklaat washcloth waata water wach to watch Wadadlee Wadadli wai why wajee used clothing wamek why wan one, indefinite article wan-ting singular wantalee intentionally wari warri warihee buttocks wash wash watabed aquifer watapaut water spout, fountain watateefa pirate weda weather week week wel water well wen when wentaim when Wenzdee Wednesday wi will wich which wichpaat where wie where wikid evil wikidman villain (male) wikidniega villain wikiduuman villain (female) wil will wilk whelk win Wind winchee wintry winda window winta winter wod to curse, word wotlis worthless wud word wud wood wuda would’ve wudbuk dictionary wudchienja adjective wudjaina conjunction wusara worse, intensifier yaaba cooking vessel yai eye yampee rheum yap talk yap to yap yia year yieyie eye yu you, your yuuman human yuuniversitee university yuut youth zaboka zaboca zamee lesbian zanana pineapple zingk zinc zuutuupeg uncultured zwaag promiscuous woman 
Table II: 160 definitions Aanteegan an’ Baabyuudan English Notes a it’s, it is aacha archer aachanaat astronaut aachanama astronomer aafisa officer aak to act aan on aat hot aatis artist aatleet athlete aaxhin auction aaxhinia auctioneer alektrishan electrician aprieshan operation aprieta operator aprietin operating baaba barber bam bum (buttocks) bambam bumbum (buttocks) biebee wacha babysitter bienk bank bienka banker bilda builder bukhaus library bukhausman librarian (male) bukhausuuman librarian (female) chek check chibyuut tribute chied trade chieda trader chusish fiduciary chusman trustee (male) chusniega trustee chustee trusty, trustworthy chusuuman trustee (female) chuu through daakta doctor dairekta director diktieta dictator elp help elplis helpless elpliswud deixis famblee family fas fast fejaal federal fejieshan federation fia-jielin due process fram from fuoman foreman gaad guard gaadn garden gaadna gardener gib-laachek certiorari gras grass gree agree gruosha grocer gruoshree grocery gruoshree tuo grocery store gwaan going on hafuting liability iemen amen if if inbenta inventor inbesta investor injaneer engineer injaneerin engineering jaakee jockey jaikleena drycleaner jiel jail, prison jiela jailer jielin jailing jinaraal general joj judge jojaada court order jom drum joma drummer kanfejieshan confederation karal coral kazmou cosmos kil kill kila killer king king kleen clean kleena cleaner kom come kom-fram to come from kuol cold kus cuss, curse kween queen kyaan-nis ability laachek judicial review laanrait right to use land, easement laif life laifgaad lifeguard lichree literary liklbad tort luukwaam lukewarm meegou-uuman Arab female meegouman Arab male mekaawi let’s, let us, make us mesinja messenger musa must be, must’ve myuuzik music na-fejaal unitary, not federal na-iebl unable nas nurse non nun nyamhaus restaurant nyuuz news nyuuzman journalist (male) nyuuzuuman journalist (female) onta hunter pai spy, investigator palitishan politician pataalajis pathologist pes pest pes kila exterminator powa power prafesa professor praim minista prime minister prie pray priea prayer prizm prism raas ass, to beat reef reef reschaant restaurant rexamin regiment riejaalajis radiologist rienj range rienja ranger ruulpowa jurisdiction saang song sluo slow subm something, thing subn something, thing syuu sue syuurait locus standi, legal standing taakelpa interpreter taapaada injunction taip type taipis typist terichree territory tiela tailor tuo store tyuuta tutor um kom-fram it comes from; it is attributed to uolruul precedent waadn warden waam warm weld weld welda welder wieb wave wil will (legal term) wilchek probate willis intestate wudbaadi corpus ya here yaidaakta eye doctor yieyiedaakta eye doctor

The Antiguan and Barbudan Language Academy (Aanteegan an' Baabyuudan Langwij Akaademee) strives to maintain, advance, and document Antiguan and Barbudan Creole. The academy maintains the Antiguan and Barbudan Creole dictionary and the Antiguan and Barbudan Creole orthography.

Antigua and Barbuda does not have an official language under any Act of Parliament. The English language is only mentioned three times in Antiguan and Barbudan legislation, all three of which occur in the Constitution. All persons detained in a state of emergency in Antigua and Barbuda have a right to a "furnished statement in English" explaining the detention, and the other two mentions make knowledge of English a requirement to serve in Parliament. English is also mentioned in parliamentary standing orders as the main language of parliamentary proceedings. All legislation in Antigua and Barbuda is written in English. While English is used in most government activities, no legal document has declared the language official de jure as of August 2024. On 14 May 2026, Cabinet issued a directive making Spanish the "official second language". The directive did not mention the status of English in the country.

The following is an orthography for Antiguan and Barbudan Creole. The Axarplex orthography may be freely used for educational and all other purposes. If appears after the digraph , the sounds should be represented as rather than . Nasalized vowels should have "-n'" appended (ex. /ä̃/ -> . /ə/ is not nasalized in Antiguan and Barbudan Creole. Vowels IPA Letter Creole example English example /i/ i aapi happy /iː/ ee (ë) Aanteegan an' Baabyuudan/Äntëgan an' Bäbyüdan bee /ɪ/ i sik sick /Ɛ/ e dem dress /ə/ a Baabyuuda Barbuda /uː/ uu (ü) Baabyuuda Barbuda /ʊ/ u buk book /ɔ/ o (aw) toi toy /ɔː/ oo (aw) force /ä/ a kat Altai /äː/ aa (ä) Aanteega an' Baabyuuda/Äntëga an' Bäbyüda father /o/ o Diphthongs IPA Letter Creole example English example /ia/ & /ie/ ie /eɪ/ ie kiek cake /ua/ ow /aɪ/ ai flai fly /oʊ/ ou gou go Semi-vowels IPA Letter Creole example English example /w/ w waa war /j/ y aayu you Consonants IPA Letter Creole example English example /p/ p pan people /b/ b bex bet /t/ t taal ten /k/ k kaal cake /g/ g gud good /t∫/ ch chruk chat /dʒ/ j jain join /f/ f faa far /v/ v /s/ s /z/ z /∫/ sh /ʒ/ zh /m/ m /n/ n /ŋ/ ng /l/ l /ɹ/ r /ks/ x bex vex /h/ h /d/ d /kʃ/ xh axhan /c/ ky (c) car/kyar (no English equivalent) /ɟ/ gy gyal (no English equivalent)

- Aal Sient (aːl seɪnt) - Aato (aːtoʊ) - Aazborn (aːzbɔɹn) - Adelin (adɛlɪn) - Atan Il (aːtən ɪl) - Amanyual (əmanjuəl) - Apa Gaambal (əpə gaːmbəl) - Apa Laitfut (əpə laɪtfʊt) - Baabyuuda-Ees (baːbjuːdə iːs) - Baabyuuda-Nawt (baːbjuːdə nɔt) - Baabyuuda-Sout (baːbjuːdə saʊt) - Baan Il (baːn ɪl) - Batlaaj (batlaːd͡ʒ) - Belmant (bɛlmaːnt) - Belvyuu Ait dem (bɛlvjuː aɪt dɛm) - Bendal (bɛndəl) - Betesda (bɛtɛsdə) - Bluu Wata dem (bluː wata dɛm) - Bolan (bɔlən) - Braan Aamlit (bɹaːn aːmlɪt) - Buklee (bʊkliː) - Daiman (daɪmən) - Dau Il (daʊ ɪl) - Dyep Bei (djɛp beɪ) - Ebaneeza ((h)ɛbəniːzə) - Faamat (faːmət) - Faiv Ailan dem (faɪv aɪlən dɛm) - Fich Kreek (fɪtʃ kɹiːk) - Frai (fɹaɪ) - Freeman (fɹiːman) - Freetung (fɹiːtʊŋ) - Gyaantrop (ɟaːntɹɔp) - Glaanvil (glaːnvɪl) - Green Il (gɹiːn ɪl) - Green Kaasal (gɹiːn kaːsəl) - Grie Il (gɹeɪ ɪl) - Inglish Aaba (ɪŋglɪʃ aːbə) - Jaali Aaba (d͡ʒaːli aːbə) - Jaan Yuuz (d͡ʒaːn juːz) - Jaansan Point (d͡ʒaːnsən pɔɪnt) - Jak Il (d͡ʒak ɪl) - Jenin (d͡ʒɛnɪn) - Kaadringtin (kaːdɹɪŋtɪn/caːdɹɪŋtɪn) - Kyaalail (caːlaɪl) - Kyalin (caːlɪn) - Klaak Il (klaːk ɪl) - Klier Aal (kleɪɹ aːl) - Kyob Kros (cɒb kɹɒs) - Kraazbee (kɹaːzbiː) - Krab Il (kɹab ɪl) - Kreexaid (kɹiːksaɪd) - Kristyan Il (kɹɪstjən ɪl) - Kyuulij (cuːlɪj) - Laang Ailan (laːŋ aɪlən) - Liburta (lɪbʊɹtə) - Maabal Il (maːbəl ɪl) - Maash Vilij (maːʃ vɪlɪd͡ʒ) - Mikinin (mɪkɪnɪn) - Mil Reef (mɪl ɹiːf) - Monpeeliya (mɒnpiːlijə) - Monklier (mɒnkleɪɹ) - Nawt Soun (nɔt saʊn) - Nyuu Wintrup (njuː wɪntɹʊp) - Nyuufeeld (njuːfiːld) - Ol' Roud ((h)ɔl roʊd) - Oj Bie (ɔd͡ʒ beɪ) - Paar (paːɹ) - Paarum (paːɹʊm) - Paradais Vyuu (paɹədaɪs vjuː) - Patursin (patʊɹsɪn) - Pigut (pɪgʊt) - Pigut Vil (pɪgʊt vɪl) - Pota Vilij (pɒtə vɪlɪd͡ʒ) - Prizan Faam (pɹɪzən faːm) - Renfruu (ɹɛnfɹuː) - Riediyou Rienj (ɹeɪdiːjoʊ ɹeɪnd͡ʒ) - Saakolt (saːkɔlt) - See Vyuu Faam (siː vjuː faːm) - Seeda Gruov (siːdə gɹʊov) - Seeda Vaalee (siːdə vaːliː) - Seetin (siːtɪn) - Sen Filip (sɛn fɪlɪp) - Sen Jaan Siti (sɛn d͡ʒaːn sɪtiː) - Sen Jaanstin (sɛn d͡ʒaːnstɪn) - Sen Klier (sɛn kleɪɹ) - Shuga Fakchree (ʃʊgə faktʃɹiː) - Skaat Il (skaːt ɪl) - Skailain (skaɪlaɪn) - Skerit (skɛɹɪt) - Sweet (swiːt) - Taamlinsin (taːmlɪnsɪn) - Tairel (taɪɹɛl) - Tiebal Il Gaadan (teɪbəl ɪl gaːdən) - Tried Win dem (tɹeɪd wɪn dɛm) - Urbat (ʊɹbət) - Urlin ((h)ʊɹɪn) - Vurnin (vʊɹnɪn) - Vila (vɪlə) - Wilikee (wɪlɪkiː) - Yeptin (jɛptɪn)

- St. John’s (seɪnt d͡ʒɑnz) - Adelin (ədɛlɪn) - Airport/Osbourn (ɒzbɔːɹn) - All Saints (ɑl seɪnts) - Barnes Hill (bɑːɹnz hɪl) - Bathlodge (bæθlɒd͡ʒ) - Bellevue Heights (bɛlvjuː haɪts) - Belmont (bɛlmɒnt) - Bendals Road (bɛndəlz ɹoʊd) - Bendals (bɛndəlz) - Bethesda (bəθɛz.də) - Blackmans Estate (blækmænz ɪsteɪt) - Blue Waters (bluː wɔː.təz) - Boggy Peak (boʊɡi piːk) - Bolans (bɔlɪnz) - Branns Hamlet (bɹænz hæm.lɪt) - Browns Bay (bɹaʊnz beɪ) - Buckley's (bʌkliz) - Carlisle (kɑːɹlaɪl) - Cedar Grove (siː.də ɡɹoʊv) - Cedar Valley (siː.də væli) - Christian Hill (kɹɪʃt͡ʃən hɪl) - Clare Hall (klɛəɹ hɑl) - Clarkes Hill (klɑːks hɪl) - Cobbs Cross (kɑbz kɹɒs) - Coolidge (kulɪd͡ʒ) - Crabbs (kɹæbz) - Crabbs Hill (kɹæbz hɪl) - Creekside (kɹiːksaɪd) - Crosbies (kɹɒzbiːz) - Diamonds (daɪməndz) - Dieppe Bay (djɛp beɪ) - Dow Hill (daʊ hɪl) - Ebenezer (ɛbəniːzə) - Emmanuels (ɪmænjuəlz) - English Harbour (ɪŋ.ɡlɪʃ hɑːbə) - Falmouth (fɑːlməθ) - Fitches Creek (fɪtʃɪz kɹiːk) - Five Islands (fai̯f aɪləndz) - Freemans (fɹiː.mənz) - Freetown (fɹiːtaʊn) - Glanvilles (glænvɪlz) - Golden Grove (ɡəʊl.dən ɡɹoʊv) - Grays Hill (ɡɹeɪz hɪl) - Green Castle (ɡɹiːn kɑːsəl) - Green Hill (ɡɹiːn hɪl) - Guiana Island (ɡiɑːnə aɪlənd) - Gunthorpes (gənθɔːpz) - Hatton Hill (hætən hɪl) - Hodges Bay (hɒd͡ʒɪz beɪ) - Jacks Hill (d͡ʒæks hɪl) - Jennings (d͡ʒɛnɪŋz) - John Hughes (d͡ʒɒn hjuːz) - Johnsons Point (ˈd͡ʒɑnsənz pɔɪnt) - Jumby Bay (Long Island) (dʒʌmbi beɪ/lɒŋ aɪlənd) - Liberta (lɪbʊɹtə) - Long Bay (lɒŋ beɪ) - Long Lane (Collins) (lɒŋ leɪn/kɑlɪnz) - Maiden Island (meɪdən aɪlənd) - Marble Hill (mɑː.bəl hɪl) - Marsh Village (mɑː(ɹ)ʃ vɪlɪd͡ʒ) - McKinnon's (məkɪnənz) - Mill Reef (mɪl ɹiːf) - Montclear (mɒnklɛəɹ) - Cashew Hill (kæʃuː hɪl) - New Winthorpes (n(j)uː wɪnθɔːpz) - Newfield (n(j)uːfiːld) - Obeez (oʊbiːz) - Old Road (oʊld ɹoʊd) - Paradise View (pæɹ.ə.daɪs vjuː) - Pares (pɑːɹz) - Parham (pɑːɹʊm) - Pattersons (pætəɹ.sənz) - Piggotts (pɪgʊtz) - Piggotts Ville (pɪgʊtz vɪl) - Potters Village (pɒtəz vɪlɪd͡ʒ) - Prison Farm (pɹɪzn̩ fɑːm) - Renfrew (ɹɛnfɹuː) - Scotts Hill (skɒtz hɪl) - Sea View Farm (siː vjuː fɑːm) - Seatons (siːtənz) - Skerretts (skæɹɪtz) - Skyline (skaɪlaɪn) - St. Claire (seɪnt klɛəɹ) - St. Philip's (seɪnt fɪlɪps) - State College (steɪt kɒlɪd͡ʒ) - Sugar Factory (ʃʊɡə fæk.tə.ɹi) - Swetes (swiːts) - Table Hill Gardens (teɪbl̩ hɪl ɡɑːdən̩s) - Tomlinsons (tɒm.lɪn.səns) - Trade Winds (tɹeɪd wɪndz) - Tyrell's (taɪɹɛls) - Union Road (juː.njən ɹoʊd) - Upper Clare Hall (ʌpə klɛəɹ hɑl) - Upper Lightfoots (ʌpə laɪtfʊts) - Upper Potters (ʌpə pɒtəs) - Urlings (ɚlɪŋs) - Vernons (vɚnəns) - Willikies (wɪlɪkiːz) - Yepton's (yɛptɪns) Barbuda: Codrington (kɒdɹɪŋtɪn) Barbuda-East (bɑːbjuː.də iːst) Barbuda-South (bɑːbjuː.də saʊθ) Barbuda-North (bɑːbjuː.də nɔːθ)

The parishes of Antigua and Barbuda were historically governed by a parish vestry that met in the parish church. These churches still stand today and the capitals of the parishes are as follows: - Saint George: Fitches Creek - Saint John: St. John's - Saint Mary: Old Road - Saint Paul: Falmouth - Saint Peter: Parham - Saint Philip: St. Philip's The centre of the Barbudan government, and Barbudan life in general, has always been Codrington. The parish of Holy Trinity, which cooincides with Barbuda, is also centred around said village.

Elizabeth Knight (editor; non-author) Alex Cuffy (editor; non-author)